Sight and vision play an important role in the opening narratives of Parashat Vayera.
In this week’s Torah reading, the newly circumcised Abraham, resting in his abode of Elonei Mamre, “looks up” and sees “three men rooted before him” (Gen. 18:1–2).
וַיִּשָּׂ֤א עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה֙ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה אֲנָשִׁ֔ים נִצָּבִ֖ים עָלָ֑יו
Their appearance triggers Abraham and Sarah to perform the mitzvah of hachnasat orkhim, hosting guests in one’s home. These mysterious messengers are pampered as they deliver the news that Sarah will conceive.
Juxtaposed to this story of generosity and kindness, we encounter the narrative of Sodom and Gomorrah. Interestingly, it opens with the same men setting out on their journey, and in sharp contrast to Abraham’s upwardly gazing posture, they “look down toward Sodom.”
What are we to make of the joined positioning of these two stories?
Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch explains,
We are witness to the foundation of a nation laid on two factors: a) on moral submission to God in brit milah (the covenant of circumcision) and b) on practicing universal brotherly love, as in the kindness which they themselves enjoyed in Abraham’s home. (Commentary on the Torah: Genesis, 318)
The stark contrast between the example of our ancestor Abraham and the behavior of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah gives us pause to reflect on what it means to build an ethical and moral civilization.
Rabbi Hirsch emphasizes this point: They look down, literally and figuratively, upon the evil that is unfolding in these cities. Abraham, on the other hand, looks up. He rises to the occasion.
Hirsch sharpens our exegetical focus as we read through this text. For it is not simply the contrast that is of import, but also the need to recognize these moments as “the foundation of a nation.” Abraham’s descendants must sanctify their bodies and practice kindness to build a sacred future.
Indeed, every moment in life presents us with the choice between Elonei Mamre or Sodom—it is a decision between embracing the presence of God and our fellow humans or banishing the divine from our midst.
May we always be blessed with the courage and sight of Abraham, choosing the path of Elonei Mamre.
SHABBAT SHALOM FROM SCHECHTER
(Image: Abraham and the three angels, Guyart de Moulins, 15th Century, Bibliotheque Nationale de France (BNF) via wikicommons)
Rabbi Matthew Berkowitz, President of The Schechter Institutes, Inc., is an accomplished educator and artist, brings decades of experience in development to his position. From 1999 to 2008, he served as JTS’s Senior Rabbinic Fellow based in NY and Florida, responsible for cultivating and expanding the donor base and teaching adult learning study groups throughout the United States. From 2009, he served as Director of Israel Programs for JTS working closely with rabbinical and cantorial students to significantly enrich their Israel experience. He is on the board of the Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture and serves as a faculty member in their Nahum Goldmann Fellowship Program.
He is a founding partner of Kol HaOt studio project in Jerusalem’s Artist Lane — which weaves the arts deeply into Jewish learning.
Rabbi Berkowitz is the author and illuminator of the widely used The Lovell Haggadah published by Schechter in 2008.
Matt is a Wexner Graduate fellow alumnus and serves on the faculty of The Wexner Heritage Program.
He is married to Nadia Levene and the proud father of three children.