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Parashat Pekudei: The Mishkan and the Temple – A Contrast in Sanctity

This week’s parasha, Pekudei, marks the conclusion of the Book of Shemot and the chapters detailing the Mishkan (Tabernacle). It is worthwhile to compare and contrast the Mishkan in our parasha with the establishment of the Temple as described in the Book of Kings.

While the Temple in Jerusalem ultimately became central to Judaism, the Mishkan remained a temporary and mobile structure, primarily functioning during the desert period. Yet, the Torah preserves the story of the Mishkan. What can we learn from this contrast?


Movable vs. Permanent Sanctity

One key difference between the Mishkan and the Temple is their relationship to sacred space:

  • The Mishkan was mobile, moving from station to station in the desert. It was repeatedly assembled, disassembled, and reassembled as the Israelites traveled.
  • The Temple, on the other hand, was built on the Temple Mount, a permanent and chosen location, symbolizing an immovable sacred space.

This contrast reflects two distinct concepts of sanctity:

  1. Movable Sanctity – The holiness of a place is defined by the presence of the people of Israel rather than by the location itself.
  2. Permanent Sanctity – A fixed, chosen space remains sacred regardless of human presence or participation.

Reevaluating Sanctity in Modern Times

In the history of modern Israel, the permanent sanctity of the Temple has taken on great significance. However, it is crucial to reconsider the importance of the Mishkan’s concept of sanctity:

  • A fixed sacred place can sometimes risk becoming idolized, where sanctity is assumed without effort or participation.
  • The Mishkan teaches that holiness requires active involvement—it depends on the people and their contributions.

Who built the Temple? The king, through centralized authority.
Who built the Mishkan? The people, through their free will offerings.


A Lesson for Today

The Mishkan reminds us that sanctity is not inherent in a place but rather created by the people. It must be continuously renewed through active participation and communal effort.

As we reflect on this week’s parasha, let us appreciate the power of peoplehood in shaping sacred space, and recognize the value of a sanctity that moves with the people, rather than being fixed in stone.

 

Image: The Tabernacle in the Wilderness; illustration from the 1890 Holman Bible, Wikicommons

David Frankel is Associate Professor of Bible at the Schechter Institute of Jewish Studies. He has been on the faculty since 1992. He earned his PhD from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem under the direction of Prof. Moshe Weinfeld. His publications include “The Murmuring Stories of the Priestly School,” and “The Land of Canaan and the Destiny of Israel.”  From 1991 to 1996, Frankel was rabbi of Congregation Shevet Achim in Gilo, Jerusalem.

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